ELEMENTAL DEPTH PROFILE IN SEDIMENT CORE OF KORANGI CREEK ALONG KARACHI COAST, PAKISTAN
Abstract
In the present investigation downcore variation of metals such as Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, V and Zn in a sediment core of 42.5 cm length from Korangi Creek, one of the pollution hit sites along Karachi coast, was studied. Proton induced X-rays emission (PIXE) was the principal analytical technique used to detrermine the chemical composition in sediment core. Grain size analysis and sediment composition of cored samples indicated that Korangi Creek sediments is clayey in nature. Correlation matrix revealed strong association of Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn with Fe. To infer anthropogenic input, enrichment factors (EFs) were determined. EFs showed severe enrichment in surface sediments for Ni, Cu, Cr and Zn indicating increased industrial effluents discharge in recent years. If this trend of enrichment is allowed to continue unabated, it is most likely that the local food chain in this area may be adversely affected.References
A. C. Heyvaert, J. E. Reuter, D. G. Sloton and C. R. Goldman, Environ. Sci. and Tech. 34 (2000) 3588.
T. Alemdaroglu, E. Onur and F. Erkakan, Inter. J. Environ. Studies 60 (2003) 287.
B.E. Nadia, B.A. Anwar, E.R. Alaa, B. Mostafa and A. Al-Mur, Environ. Monit. Assess. 155 (2009) 509.
L. Enfeng , J. Shen, L. Yang, E. Zhang, X. Meng and J. Wang, J. Environ. Monit. Assess. 161 (2010) 217.
A. S. Cohen, Paliolimnology, Oxford University Press, New York (2003).
A. Mudroch, L. Sarazin and T. Lomas, J. Great Lake Res. 14 (1988) 241.
A. Cardoso, G. Boaventura, E. Silva and J. Brod, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 12 (2001) 767.
A. R. Karbassi , G. R. Nabi-Bidhendi and I. Bayati, Iranian J. Environ. Health. Sci. and Engg. 2 (2005) 255.
A. W. Mohamed, Egypt. J. Aq. Res. 31 (2005) 92.
A. Mashiatullah, R.M. Qureshi, N. Ahmad, F. Khalid and T. Javed, The Nucleus 46 (2009) 53.
A. B. Munshi, S.B. Detlef, R. Schneider and R. Zuberi, Marine. Poll. Bull. 4 (2004) 597.
IUCN. Pak, Mangroves of Pak. Status and Management (2005).
A. Shahzad, M. A. Khan, S.S. Shaukat and W. Ahmad, J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 31 (2009) 592.
WWF (Worldwide Fund for Nature), Govt. of Pak, IUCN. The World Conservation Strategy, Biodiversity Action Plan for Pakistan: A Framework for Conserving Our Natural Wealth (2000).
W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of sedimentary petrography. D. Appleton Century Co. Inc. New York (1938) 549.
R. L. Folk and W. C. Ward, J. Sedi. Petrology 27 (1957) 3.
A. Mashiatullah, M. Z. Chaudhary, N. Ahmad, R. M. Qureshi, T. Javed, A. Ghaffar and M. S. Khan. The Nucleus 48 (2011) 223.
N. Ahmad, N.A. Akhtar, M. Shahnawaz and S. Sadaat, Int. J. PIXE. 20 (2010) 101.
E. Horowitz and K. Elrick, Appl. Geochem. 2, No. 4 (1987) 437.
P. A. Moore, K. R. Reddy and M. M. Fisher, J. Environ. Qual. 27 (1989) 1428.
J. L. McKay, T. F. Pedersen and A. Mucci, Chemi. Geo, 238 (2007) 180.
R. J. Gibbs, Geo. Soci. Am. Bull. 88 (1977) 829.
World Health Organization, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 3rd Edn, WHO (2004), ISBN: 92-4-154638-7, 516.
J. A. Baptista Neto, B. J. Smith and J. J. McAllister, Brazil. Environ. Poll. 109 (2000) 1.
A. P. Mucha, M.T.S.D. Vasconcelos and A. A. Bordalo, Environ. Poll. 121 (2003) 169.
A.Ghaffar, M. Tabata and J. Nishimoto, EJEAF Che 9 ( 2010) 1443.
K. K. Turekian and K. H, Wedepohl, Geo. Soc. Am. Bull. 72 (1961)175.
M. Ergin, C. Saydam, O. Basturk, E. Erdem and R. Yoruk, Chem. Geo. 91 (1991) 269.
G. Birch, In Coastal GIS. Woodcoffee, C.D.Furness, R.A. (Eds.), Wollongong University papers in Center for Maritime Policy Australia (2003).
